Amnesty International maintained an office and actively reported on human rights issues, but it did not receive official authorization to operate from the Ministry of Interior. Although this accreditation is required to operate legally, the vast majority of foreign media were not accredited. )industrial: 191 million cubic meters (2017 est. provinces. The person must submit an application for compensation within six months of the dismissal or acquittal. The government did not adequately enforce the law, since discrimination reportedly existed, specifically against migrant workers in the informal economy who lacked a legal means to address unfair working conditions. Monitoring and enforcement practices for child labor were inconsistent and hampered by an insufficient number of inspectors to examine the formal and informal economy. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. WebGetentrepreneurial.com: Resources for Small Business Entrepreneurs in 2022. If authorities need more than 48 hours to gather additional evidence, they may extend a suspects authorized time in police detention with the prosecutors authorization in the following cases: if charges pertain to an attack on data processing systems, they may extend the time in detention once; if charges relate to state security, they may do so twice; for charges concerning drug trafficking, organized and transnational crime, money laundering, and other currency-related crimes, they may do so three times; and for charges related to terrorism and other subversive activities, they may do so five times for a maximum of 12 days. Generally speaking, the civil Government officials did not take measures specifically to prevent discrimination against LGBTI persons. Abdelkader Kouafi, the National Autonomous Union of Sonelgaz Gas and Electricity Workers secretary-general, and Slimane Benzine, president of the National Federation of Internal Security Workers, were sentenced to imprisonment and fines for objecting to poor conditions of work and to the sexual harassment of women workers. Some observers, including government-appointed human rights officials, attributed overcrowding in pretrial detention facilities to continued overuse of pretrial detention, despite reforms in 2015 that sought to reduce the practice. Some media figures alleged the government used its control over most printing houses and large amounts of public sector advertising preferentially, and that the lack of clear regulations over these practices permitted it to exert undue influence on press outlets. )$71.796 billion (31 December 2019 est. Respect for Civil Liberties, Including: b. The constitution provides for the right to a fair trial, but authorities did not always respect legal provisions that protect defendants rights. II, United Nations, New [7] "Population rsidente par age, par sexe et par wilaya", pdf file downloaded from. The committee was empowered to propose measures and laws to address child labor as well as conduct awareness campaigns. Women enjoyed rights equal to those of men concerning property ownership, and property titles listed female landowners names. Algeria's economy remains dominated by the state, a legacy of the country's socialist post-independence development model. The court appearance of suspects in terrorism cases is public. Authorities have been holding journalist, Said Chitour, in pretrial detention since June 2017 without trial. The law stipulates that detainees should immediately be able to contact a family member and receive a visit, or to contact an attorney. According to the law, associations that apply for accreditation are entitled to receive a response within two months for national organizations, 45 days for interregional-level associations, 40 days for province-level associations, and 30 days for communal organizations. The law on cybercrime establishes procedures for using electronic data in prosecutions and outlines the responsibilities of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) to cooperate with authorities. The law states that decisions reached in mediation are binding on both parties. The army began a crackdown on the FIS that spurred FIS supporters to begin attacking government targets. Algeria Telephone: (213) 770-08-2000 Emergency after-hours telephone: (213) 770-08-2200 Fax: 0770-08-2299 Email: ACSAlgiers@state.gov. ), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. The constitution provides for the right of association, but the government restricted this right. )note: data cover central government debt as well as debt issued by subnational entities and intra-governmental debt, -$4.608 billion (2021 est. Journalists from independent print and broadcast media expressed frustration over the difficulty of receiving information from public officials. The government said that it closed 11 facilities and opened one new facility to improve prison conditions in the last year but argued that they have alleviated overcrowding by increasing the use of minimum-security centers that permit prisoners to work and by using electronic monitoring. The ministry has three to six months to review the text, with the absence of a response after that time constituting a rejection of the application. )agricultural: 6.671 billion cubic meters (2017 est. [9] Encyclopdia Britannica World Atlas, 1957 edition. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. Visit the Definitions and Notes page to view a description of each topic. The average woman's age at first marriage increased from about 19 in the mid-1950s to 24 in the mid-1970s to 30.5 in the late 1990s. List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the Labor standards do not protect economic migrants from sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere working in the country without legal immigration status, which made them vulnerable to exploitation. administration, the country was divided into dpartements (departments), which were subdivided into arrondissements, The resulting division was as shown below. The ministry stated that it worked with the Ministry of Education to integrate children with disabilities into public schools to promote inclusion. 134, the departments united the civil and military territories, strengthening the important position as a lingua franca, and place names have continued to be written in the Roman alphabet using French Newspapers reported that the government restricted foreign tourists from traveling through trails in Tassili and Hoggar, as well as certain areas in and around Tamanrasset, due to security concerns. The government may restrict strikes on a number of grounds, including economic crisis, obstruction of public services, or the possibility of subversive actions. ), 12.7% (2021 est. Prosecutors may apply to a judge to extend the period before arrested individuals can have access to an attorney. The judiciary was not always independent or impartial in civil matters and lacked independence in some human rights cases. ), Algerian dinars (DZD) per US dollar -135.064 (2021 est. There were no significant reports regarding prison or detention center conditions that raised human rights concerns. note: data are in current year dollars$54.259 billion (2019 est. A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. The Ministry of Religious Affairs required that couples present a government-issued marriage certificate before permitting imams to conduct religious marriage ceremonies. Government officials monitored political meetings. Censorship or Content Restrictions: Some major news outlets faced direct and indirect retaliation for criticism of the government. A bloody eight-year struggle culminated in Algerian independence in 1962. The courts are empowered to dissolve unions that engage in illegal activities. The Algerian League for Human Rights, a separate but licensed organization based in Constantine, had members throughout the country monitoring individual cases. Opposition party leaders complained that the government did not provide timely authorizations to hold rallies or party congresses. NGOs reported instances of not receiving the written authorization in time to hold planned meetings. FIS membership is illegal. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. were ill-defined. )exports: 42,667,386,000 cubic meters (2019 est. Human rights activists and attorneys, however, asserted that some detainees were held without access to lawyers. Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits solicitation for prostitution and stipulates prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years when the offense is committed against a minor under age 18. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European Otherwise, the judicial police appoint a doctor. 1831-12-01: By ordinance, Algeria was divided into civil and military territory. A national committee is responsible for monitoring and publishing an annual report on the rights of children. Algeria has struggled to develop non-hydrocarbon industries because of heavy regulation and an emphasis on state-driven growth. The testimony of men and women has equal weight under the law. 1964: Name of Orlansville department changed to El Asnam. If organizations fail to provide required information to the government or attempt to operate with or accept foreign funds without authorization, they are subject to fines between DZD 2,000 and DZD 5,000 ($17 and $43) and up to six months imprisonment. The government gained the upper hand by the late-1990s, and FISs armed wing, the Islamic Salvation Army, disbanded in January 2000. If workers face such conditions, they may renegotiate their contract or, failing that, resort to the courts. CGATA membership included workers from unions representing government administrators, diplomatic personnel, state electricity and gas employees, university professors, public transport and postal workers, and lawyers. The Labor Ministry employed one labor inspector per 12,000 workers for a total of 853 as of the end of 2017. Throughout the year police dispersed unauthorized gatherings or prevented marching groups of protesters from demonstrating. Press and Media Freedom: The National Agency for Publishing and Advertising (ANEP) controls public advertising for print media. After Frances defeat in the Franco-German War, settlers felt they could finally gain more land. territories were in the north along the coast, while the military territories were in the Sahara region. 1902, because of border adjustments in desert areas. In May a court sentenced him to 10 years in prison. Judges rarely refused requests to extend pretrial detention, which by law may be appealed. Defamation is not a crime but carries a fine ranging from 100,000 Algerian dinars (DZD) to DZD 500,000 ($850 to $4,252). transferred from Sada to Oran. Many trade unions remained unrecognized by the government; they identified delayed processing and administrative hurdles imposed by the government as the primary obstacles to establishing legal status. Freedom of Association and the Right to Collective Bargaining, b. )exports of goods and services: 23.6% (2017 est. The ministrys Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the country. For the first two thirds of the 20th century, Algeria's high fertility rate caused its population to grow rapidly. Governmental Attitude Regarding International and Nongovernmental Investigation of Alleged Violations of Human Rights, Section 6. The law prohibits discrimination with respect to employment, salary, and work environment based on age, gender, social and marital status, family links, political conviction, disability, national origin and affiliation with a union. Arbitrary Arrest: Although the law prohibits arbitrary arrest and detention, authorities sometimes used vaguely worded provisions, such as inciting an unarmed gathering and insulting a government body, to arrest and detain individuals considered to be disturbing public order or criticizing the government. state province algeria. While the government tolerated their operations in the past, the Ministry of Communication said in 2016 it would limit the number of private satellite channels to 13 and foreign-based unaccredited television outlets would be shut down. )from coal and metallurgical coke: 352,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2019 est. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. Police typically dispersed protesters shortly after a protest began and arrested and detained organizers for a few hours. In September a group of military veterans organized a protest in Algiers, prompting a crackdown by authorities. A person released from custody following a dismissal or acquittal may apply to a civil commission to seek compensation from the government for particular and particularly severe harm caused by pretrial detention. The law does not place significant restrictions on voter registration, but implementation of voter registration and identification laws proved inconsistent and confusing during past elections. Civilian authorities generally maintained effective control over the security forces. Boumerds formed from parts of Alger and Tizi Ouzou; El Bayadh split from Sada; El Oued split from Biskra; El Tarf provinces were predominantly formed by taking the old departments as they were, or by splitting them into two Since 2015, the government has imposed additional restrictions on access to foreign exchange for imports, and import quotas for specific products, such as cars. Police arrested blogger Merzoug Touati in January 2017 on charges stemming from his online publication of an interview with a former Israeli diplomat. )transmission/distribution losses: 9.897 billion kWh (2019 est. )6.7% of GDP (2020 est. )government consumption: 20.2% (2017 est. ), total subscriptions: 4,784,306 (2020 est. The government has mechanisms to investigate and punish abuses, but the government did not always provide public information on disciplinary or legal action against police, military, or other security force personnel. There was a census on This information can be put together to approximate the territorial extent of subdivisions. The Ministry of Interior did not provide domestic or foreign observers with voter registration lists. )permanent crops: 0.4% (2018 est. Local media outlets reported that a team of European Union elections experts provided the government a report noting a lack of transparency in vote counting procedures, but the report was not made public.
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