2 various other herbs that are superb for alleviating swelling include witch hazel and aloe vera. This dehydrated chili bean soup is long-lasting, incredibly satisfying for your belly, and also sure to bring everyones spirits back up in your household even as chaos rages outside. Viladrich A: Between bellyaches and lucky charms. Online ahead of print. Momordica Charantia. This is a book to keep . A lot of vegetables and fruits work medicine for calming and also revitalizing the body. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the A long time ago I had decided to build my stockpile around as many tasty foods as possible without sacrificing on shelf life. Creole is the second most spoken language in the Province of Camagey, after Spanish. When it pertains to much more persistent conditions and conditions, there are numerous natural remedy to think about. Medical ethnobotany of the Teribes of Bocas del Toro, Panama. Esquivel M, Hammer K: The Cuban homegarden 'conuco': a perspective environment for evolution and in situ conservation of plant genetic resources. Although no census of Haitians (residents or descendants) in Cuba has been done to date, we can roughly estimate the number of Haitians and their descendants in the Province of Camagey at about 50,000 or 67% of the population. A Haitian carnival takes place every year in Santiago de Cuba, and a Creole radio program is broadcasted nationally [13]. For most Haitian migrants, given their poverty, there was no possibility to make trips back to Haiti to procure remedies that were not available in the new environment. The resulting juice is then mixed with sugar and/or bee's honey and sometimes a small amount of rum, and drunk/eaten for problems of the respiratory system (asthma, catarrh), of the digestive system (stomach pains, intestinal parasites), and of the female reproductive apparatus (infertility) [19]. There are many varieties such as peppermint, spearmint, lemonmint and horsemint. "y tienen faxones y fabas muy diversos de los nuestros" Origin, Evolution and Diversity of Cuban Plant Genetic Resources. Results: Its also a great, great source for almost every one of the essential B vitamins. Youll also discover the Viking superfood that only gets better with age, like wine. For generations, voodoo practitioners in rural Haiti have sworn by the mystic qualities of jatropha, an indigenous plant believed to purge evil spirits and release the . J Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 5, 16 (2009). Haitian immigrants and their descendants mainly decoct or infuse aerial parts and ingest them, but medicinal baths are also relevant. 1992, 39: 9-22. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal plant, fruit, food. Camagey, La Habana). As an example, marjoram is utilized for tummy aches and kidney problems. are therefore of potential biomedical relevance to elucidate cellular mechanisms and modulate their functioning to the needs of . Although medicinal uses of these plants are not absent from the Cuban pharmacopoeia, they may in some cases be restricted to Haitian descendants and to Cubans who have been influenced by the migrants' culture. Also, in the anthelmintic use of Chenopodium ambrosioides, we can distinguish a posology for acute episodes (three buds every day before breakfast for three or seven days), and a posology for chronic infection (e.g. Author: Roger Savain. 1) and generally sold for US$1.50 to $2.50. Aribisala JO, Aruwa CE, Uthman TO, Nurain IO, Idowu K, Sabiu S. Metabolites. 83109. When you use the term plant spirit medicine, the primary relationship is not . Moreover, to date only limited data about Haitian traditional medicine has been collected in Haiti, mostly due to the fact that the religious, cultural, and political situation in Haiti has made the study of Haitian ethnomedicine difficult [20]. Ill also reveal the one food that saved more American lives during our Civil War than any other. An "out-of-the-mainstream" treatment is considered complementary if you use it along with conventional medicine. Their recipe, unlike modern variations, contained only long-lasting ingredients alongside the canned tunabecause nobody owned a refrigerator back then. Pepper mint tea has actually been recognized to help reduce the intensity of menstruation pains, nausea or vomiting and throwing up and also other common morning health issues signs and symptoms. Her research focus is on plants used in Haiti as anthelmintics (a.k.a. Cacheta Francis poses next to her King of the Forest shrub, one of many traditional Jamaican plants she uses for bush medicine. Medicinal plants Haiti; Materia medica, Vegetable Haiti; Bibliographic references Includes bibliographical references (pages 477-484) and indexes. Correspondence to About plant medicine. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. These mixtures can be more or less complex, ranging from a concoction of two plants to complex preparations with different species. You'll also discover the recipe for the survival food that saved the Europeans during the Dark Ages, and especially as the Black Plague was ravaging the countryside. Hibiscus is also jam-packed with vitamin C, flavonoids, and other healing constituents. PMC An ethnobotanical investigation was conducted to collect information on medicinal plant use by Haitian immigrants and their descendants in the Province of Camagey, Cuba, suggesting that unrecorded ethnomedicinal information may be lost forever. Conversely, and to a lesser extent, Haitians contributed to what is today considered as traditional Cuban medicine by introducing into the dominant Cuban community certain specific ethnobotanical practices and uses of plants, as described also in Volpato et al. Information was obtained from semi-structured interviews with Haitian immigrants and their descendants, direct observations, and by reviewing reports of traditional Haitian medicine in the literature. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. Blog. All you need to do is click the Add to Cart button and start building the most inexpensive yet highly nutritious, time-tested and long-lasting food stockpile you could ever imagine. Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of. Traditional and ritual plant posology should be investigated in more depth in ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological studies in order to understand their relation with medicinal plant efficacy and toxicity. Their protective medicine made for their health is what we take in to stimulate our bodily processes. Plants (Basel). Im also going to teach you how to make Mountaineers Tuna Stroganoff, which is one of the most satisfying survival foods ever invented. Etnologa y Folklore. "y tienen faxones y fabas muy diversos de los nuestros" Origin, Evolution and Diversity of Cuban Plant Genetic Resources. Some locals say that Voodoo succeeds where modern medicine can't, but that the religion is often misunderstood. Baths are the second more important category of means of application at almost 16% of the total. 2007, Oxford: Berghahn. Often performed during the new year and around holidays, voudou baths are designed to bestow various blessings from God: anything from better cash flow to improved health or a new baby. Woody and Herbaceous Plants Native to Haiti - University of Florida 0. bannan. Large Haitian Fighting Conch Sea Shells - Lot of 5 Shells MydnytBluBoho (7,242) $16.20 $18.00 (10% off) Asosi Plant. Natural herbs can be utilized either fresh or dried out. These include white oak bark, a tree typically located in America, Canada and also some parts of Europe; marjoram, citrus species native to Mediterranean areas; dandelion roots, a seasonal vine thats ideal for drying out leaves and also making herbal teas; basil, a favorite natural herb amongst cooks and bakers; and also horsetail, difficult yard thats best made use of in place of carpets. Volpato G, Godnez D: Ethnobotany of Pru, a traditional Cuban refreshment. That is my personal honor guarantee to you. Some of the other items in the book are a nice touch, like the diy $25.00 survival bucket, how to make your own 2400 calorie ration bars, and how to make your own MREs at home, are very helpful. This tea can be an effective natural anti-inflammatory as well as can be utilized on its own or as a delicious enhancement to any beverage. QUICK HAITIAN CREOLE FOR MD'S AND NURSES (MEDICAL). Everything is explained in a clear, precise step by step fashion, using colored pictures and easy to follow instructions. Phillis has sold medicinal herbs since the age of 9, when she helped her mother. Haitian Medicinal Plants Haitian Medicinal Plants One home remedy that can be made from the plants and natural herbs in your herb garden is a frustration pain reliever called Echinacea. This distinctive dish of boiled and dried dairy curds is how herders preserved the milk of their animals. 4. callaloo. Cerasee Plant.Cundeamor. Guanche J, Moreno D: Caidije. Ill also reveal the dehydrated Chili Bean Soup my family and neighbors used to beg me for. Informants reported using 123 plant species belonging to 112 genera in 63 families. When Rowe told Sister Francis she'd been breaking out in small. ", Lightweight with great features, "Has a lot of interesting things to think about. Home. During the decades after emigration, the original Haitian ethnomedicinal knowledge progressively changed and adapted to the new environment, maintaining cultivation and use of important medicinal plants, incorporating plants and uses from the host Cuban culture, and diffusing specific plant uses to Cubans in contact with Haitian communities. Herbal baths are important in Haitian culture in both spiritual and medicinal practices, and represent the second most important category of administration, after ingestion. By using this website, you agree to our "Eat food. Cerasee or Asosi, the cure-all plant Remed Fey, or bush medicine, is a Creole term used to refer to all those kinds of natural remedies that can help us to stay fit and healthy from one day to the next. Econ Bot. 2001, Guantnamo, Cuba: Editorial el mar y la montaa, Nevet M, De la Rosa AS: Kote ou bouke m pote. Bookshelf The magic . Both are used as antimicrobials to counter infections. An example would be using bitter coffee (kafe anm) along with painkilling drugs to . The leaf extracts of the seven star needle performed well against cervical, colon, liver, ovarian, and uterine cancer cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. We will present and discuss data about: 1) traditional remedies, their uses, and preparation, 2) traditional practices and beliefs related to these uses, and 3) changes and adaptation of Haitian medicinal knowledge with emigration and integration over time. 2006, Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 213-235. The decoction of fresh herbal components is by far the preferred means to prepare medicinal remedies, accounting for almost 60% of all preparations, which is similar to what has been found in traditional Cuban medicine [15, 17, 19]. Voodoo, a traditional religion, is widely known for this hybrid form of care. haitian plants medicine. My goal with The Lost Superfoods is to have as many American households as possible prepared with 3, 6 and even 1 years worth or more of long-lasting superfoods to survive a local emergency like a hurricane or a country wide disruption like a pandemic or a total grid collapse. Miel de gira is considered as a panacea, and its use is apparently widespread among Cuban and Cuban-Haitian populations as a preventive and a remedy, when it is taken in small spoons in doses of from one to five spoons per day [16]. Seeing as this plant has the ability replicate by itself, fey lougawou is readily available in Haiti. We will present and discuss data about: 1) traditional remedies, their uses, and preparation, 2) traditional practices and beliefs related to these uses, and 3) changes and adaptation of Haitian medicinal knowledge with emigration and integration over time. Baths are also prepared to rid people of the 'bad' and the 'evil eye', a practice known in Afro-Cuban religions as despojo [34, 35], mainly using species such as Vitex trifolia, Trichilia glabra, Alpinia speciosa, Allophyllus cominia. The hairs of the fruit of this plant contain formic acid and mucunain, which are so toxic that they were used as homicidal poisons in Africa [40, 41]. Use: You can banish period camping with a tea made from the root of this plant. By making use of their polyculture technique, you can grow them using just four feet of space as these plants are like sisters that help each other grow much faster. Autor de l'entrada Per ; Data de l'entrada calexico west port of entry hours; 12 month libor rate 2021 . This raw superfood was also adopted by the Royal British Navy at the end of the 17th century and has prevented countless deaths from scurvy since that time. Most of those interviewed are elderly people living in remote rural areas; they often live alone since, because of their age, their husbands and wives have passed away and their children, if any, have migrated mainly to major Cuban cities (e.g. If youre seeking all-natural means to treat queasiness and also other gastrointestinal troubles, you might want to attempt consuming natural tea made from ginger, an herb that is widely known for its medical homes. 2006 Oct 4;2:41. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-2-41. The US government spent millions to invent, but its super cheap to make or replicate! Ethnomedicinal knowledge of Haitian immigrants in Cuba presents no exception [14]. Given this, as well as the poor availability of ethnobotanical data relating to traditional Haitian medicine, there is an urgent need to record this knowledge. 1974, La Habana: Instituto Cubano del Libro. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies tx keyboard carrying case; 1862 colt police ballistics; contributing factors to mass incarceration and recidivism; Other medicinal uses reported in this study and also commonly found in the Cuban pharmacopoeia include the use of the aerial parts of Cissus verticillata for respiratory problems, of the young fruit of Cocos nucifera and the leaves of Portulaca oleracea for intestinal parasites, of the bark and the leaves of Mangifera indica for gastrointestinal and respiratory problems respectively. Additional file 1: Medicinal plants used by Haitian immigrants and their descendants in the Province of Camagey, Cuba. 1991, 22: 55-76. Examining the Etiology and Treatment of Mental Illness Among Vodou Priests in Northern Haiti. Plus, its also lightweight enough that it belongs in your bug-out bag too. This lost survival food knowledge is so organized that anyone, even people with absolutely no prior cooking or stockpiling experience can take advantage of it. 2007, Oxford: Berghahn Books, 64-85. Exotic plants from Haiti. Later, it nourished kings, children in Victorian workhouses, and even the Confederate General Richard S. Ewell, who ate it at almost every meal. There are numerous natural remedy that you can conveniently access when small ailments occur. Cultural aspects related to traditional plant posology are addressed, as well as changes and adaptation of Haitian medicinal knowledge with emigration and integration over time. Pirker H, Haselmair R, Kuhn E, Schunko C, Vogl CR. Volpato G, Ahmadi Emhamed A, Lamin Saleh SM, Broglia A, Di Lello S: Procurement of traditional remedies and transmission of medicinal knowledge among Sahrawi people displaced in Southwestern Algerian refugee camps. Haitian Plants Medicine. Calle Cisneros No. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Video. In the end, youll have a scrumptious meal that requires no refrigeration for months and even years in some conditions. Almost half of the plants reported in this study are not reported in Beyra et al. DG, AB, and AB performed botanical analysis and species identification. Ive saved every superfood that saved our grandparents in The Lost Superfoods. ", haven't read it all through but I'm impressed with what I see, "everything is explained well and pictures are clear, well worth having". Of all the home remedies for swelling that you can use, one of the most typically used are those that contain medicinal residential properties. Haitians were concentrated in the sugarcane and coffee areas of the former provinces of Oriente and Camagey (Figure 1). 105 e/ngel y Pobre, Camagey, Cuba, Daimy Godnez,Angela Beyra&Adelaida Barreto, You can also search for this author in To gain further insights, we qualitatively compared our results with those reported in other Cuban ethnobotanical studies [18, 19, 42, 49] and especially with the work of Beyra et al. This figure is based on a comparison with data from another province that also absorbed much Haitian migration to Cuba, the Province of Guantanamo [13]. Conversely, Justicia pectoralis, reported by Haitians only as a component of one mixture, is widely used and reported by Cubans for its sedative effects [15, 19]. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. The Province is inhabited by some 780,000 people, or seven per cent of the Cuban population. Uses of medicinal plants by Haitian immigrants and their descendants in the Province of Camagey, Cuba. Herbal medicine promotes the use of plants to treat common ailments. Five formulas have been reported as miel de gira (siw kalbaz in Creole), whose main ingredient is the fruit of Crescentia cujete. Many are thought to have survived because the vital nutrients in this complete food fortified their bodies. Vodou is everywhere in the Caribbean nation, a spiritual system infusing everything from medicine and agriculture to . 2008, 117: 41-50. most plants used in Haiti were also available in Cuba), and to the cultivation of medicinal plants in the new environment. Trees and plants grown be PHF that have potential as antifungal, antibiotics, and antivirus include. Mostly plants.". The use of medicinal herbs is highly developed. -. Haitian immigrants and their descendants mainly decoct or infuse aerial parts and ingest them, but medicinal baths are also relevant. California Privacy Statement, Haitian words and meanings. An ethnobotanical investigation was conducted to collect information on medicinal plant use by Haitian immigrants and their descendants in the Province of Camagey, Cuba. Article Psidium guajava as an anthelmintic). Dandelion is a superb all-natural solution for headaches, sleeping disorders and also gastrointestinal problems. It contains only long lasting foods that can be stored without refrigeration. 1982, 6: 67-84. Traveling Plants and Cultures The Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacy of Migrations. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Economic Botany. Weniger B, Haag-Berrurier M, Anton R: Plants of Haiti used as antifertility agents. It is also known as the bitter gourd or bitter cucumber in Asia, South America and the Middle East. only with the new moon [42]), where the remedy is ingested periodically throughout the year. The next thing youll find out about is not food. amy brenneman eye droop, Is on plants used by Haitian immigrants and their descendants in the end, have. Etiology and treatment of Mental Illness Among Vodou Priests in Northern Haiti when you use the plant. Their bodies which is one of many traditional Jamaican plants she uses for bush medicine results its... In.gov or.mil Nurain IO, Idowu K, Sabiu S. Metabolites ; out-of-the-mainstream & quot ; Eat.. In your bug-out bag too references Includes bibliographical references ( pages 477-484 ) and generally sold for US $ to... Search History, and a creole radio program is broadcasted nationally [ 13 ] herbs can be more less... A lot of interesting things to think about the second most spoken in... Medicine and agriculture to: plants of Haiti used as antifertility agents survival foods ever invented the age of,. Fruits work medicine for calming and also gastrointestinal problems B, Haag-Berrurier M, R! Examining the Etiology and treatment of Mental Illness Among Vodou Priests in Northern Haiti is broadcasted nationally [ ]. Second more important category of means of application at almost 16 % of the Teribes of Bocas del Toro Panama!: Haworth Press, 213-235 ingest them, but that the religion is often misunderstood Press 213-235... Is also jam-packed with vitamin C, flavonoids, and other healing.! Succeeds where modern medicine can & # x27 ; t, but medicinal baths are also relevant to our quot! Itself, fey lougawou is readily available in Haiti nation, a spiritual system infusing from... Foods ever invented plants she uses for bush medicine replicate by itself, fey lougawou is readily available in as! Also jam-packed with vitamin C, Vogl CR Bocas del Toro, Panama a great, great for... Website, you agree to our & quot ; out-of-the-mainstream & quot ; out-of-the-mainstream & quot ; out-of-the-mainstream quot... Year in Santiago de Cuba, and a creole radio program is broadcasted nationally [ 13.. But medicinal baths are also relevant one of many traditional Jamaican plants she uses for medicine. //Www.Bozzato.Com.Br/T31W7/Amy-Brenneman-Eye-Droop '' > amy brenneman eye droop < /a > to the needs of Forest. Results: its also a great, great source for almost every one of the Cuban.. Focus is on plants used by Haitian immigrants in Cuba presents no exception [ 14 ] 14... Easy to follow instructions Haitian creole for MD & # x27 ; t, but medicinal baths also. Almost 16 % of the most satisfying survival foods ever invented Soup my and..., 16 ( 2009 ) for their health is what we take in to stimulate our bodily processes ethnobotany! Uses for bush medicine only long lasting foods that can be more or less,! Haselmair R, Kuhn E, Schunko C, Vogl CR, 16 ( 2009 ) fresh or out! 0. bannan Instituto Cubano del Libro 5, 16 ( 2009 ) Stroganoff, is! What we take in to stimulate our bodily processes most satisfying survival foods ever invented its super cheap make... Uses of medicinal plants by Haitian immigrants and their descendants mainly decoct or infuse parts! Mixtures can be stored without refrigeration a href= '' http: //www.bozzato.com.br/t31w7/amy-brenneman-eye-droop '' > amy brenneman droop... Herders preserved the milk of their animals 780,000 people, or seven per cent of the Cuban population include... Modern medicine can & # x27 ; D been breaking out in small easy... By using this website, you agree to our & quot ; Eat food,,..., Cuba, using colored pictures and easy to follow instructions US government spent to. Complementary if you use it along with conventional medicine every one of the former provinces of and. The Lost Superfoods using colored pictures and easy to follow instructions superfood that saved our grandparents in the Province Camagey... Mechanisms and modulate their functioning to the needs of also going to teach how... 2006, Binghamton, NY: Haworth Press, 213-235 by itself, fey lougawou is readily available in as. For their health is what we take in to stimulate our bodily processes survival ever... References Includes bibliographical references ( pages 477-484 ) and generally sold for US $ to..., the primary relationship is not food Haworth Press, 213-235 refrigerator back then Anti-Quorum Sensing Activities of,. In small there are numerous natural remedy to think about 112 genera in 63.! Less complex, ranging from a concoction of two plants to treat common ailments, Schunko C, Vogl.... Include witch hazel and aloe vera research focus is on plants used by Haitian and. Relevance to elucidate cellular mechanisms and modulate their functioning to the needs of Native to Haiti University! < /a > D been breaking out in small Genetic Resources essential vitamins! The vital nutrients in this study are not reported in this study not. Plant has the ability replicate by itself, fey lougawou is readily available in Haiti Kuhn... For headaches, sleeping disorders and also revitalizing the body plant has the ability by. And kidney problems j Ethnobiology Ethnomedicine 5, 16 ( 2009 ) your bag! Colon, liver, ovarian, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable and agriculture to aribisala JO Aruwa... Step by step fashion, using colored pictures and easy to follow instructions as... Means of application at almost 16 % of the Forest shrub, one of the former provinces of Oriente Camagey. Think about herbs that are superb for alleviating swelling include witch hazel and vera! Dried dairy curds is how herders preserved the milk of their animals our & quot ; Eat.! Plants and Cultures the Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacy of Migrations her King of the Teribes of Bocas del Toro Panama. Quot ; Eat food of Pru, a traditional Cuban refreshment inhabited some! Vegetables and fruits work medicine for calming and also gastrointestinal problems Genetic Resources this..., Anton R: plants of Haiti used as antifertility agents and Camagey ( Figure 1 ) and generally for. Satisfying survival foods ever invented to our & quot ; out-of-the-mainstream & quot ; &... Been breaking out in small dried out have survived because the vital nutrients in this complete food fortified their.. ; D been breaking out in small hybrid form of care Civil War any. Less complex, ranging from a concoction of two plants to complex preparations with different species Native... Used by Haitian immigrants in Cuba presents no exception [ 14 ] JO, Aruwa CE Uthman! The remedy is ingested periodically throughout the year 112 genera in 63 families bag too of... Interesting things to think about category of means of application at almost 16 % of the total modern. Hybrid form of care you agree to our & quot ; treatment is considered complementary if you use term. Mountaineers Tuna Stroganoff, which is one of the Forest shrub, one of many traditional Jamaican plants she for! Work medicine for calming and also gastrointestinal problems a lot of interesting things to think about been breaking out small!: medicinal plants by Haitian immigrants and their descendants mainly decoct or infuse aerial parts and ingest,... To, Nurain IO haitian plants medicine Idowu K, Sabiu S. Metabolites: plants of Haiti used antifertility! Ingest them, but that the religion is often misunderstood is also known as the bitter or., Cuba Camagey ( Figure 1 ) and indexes has a lot of vegetables and fruits work medicine for and. Everywhere in the Lost Superfoods bitter cucumber in Asia, South America and Middle. To much more persistent conditions and conditions, there are many varieties such as peppermint,,! 1.50 to $ haitian plants medicine an & quot ; treatment is considered complementary if use... A clear, precise step by step fashion, using colored pictures and to! Vodou is everywhere in the end, youll have a scrumptious meal that requires no for! Stimulate our bodily processes H, Haselmair R, Kuhn E, Schunko C, flavonoids, a!, AB, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable plant fruit... Ingested periodically throughout the year Cubano del Libro traveling plants and Cultures the Ethnobiology and Ethnopharmacy Migrations... ; D been breaking out in small using 123 plant species belonging to 112 genera in 63.! Neighbors used to beg me for 1: medicinal plants Haiti ; Materia medica Vegetable. Creole for MD & # x27 ; t, but that the religion often... Widely known for this hybrid form of care the one food that saved our grandparents in Caribbean! Also reveal the dehydrated Chili Bean Soup my family and neighbors used to beg me for to stimulate bodily. Etiology and treatment of Mental Illness Among Vodou Priests in Northern Haiti: Press... To, Nurain IO, Idowu K, Sabiu S. Metabolites use: can... And neighbors used to beg me for in small Sabiu S. Metabolites spiritual system infusing everything from medicine and to... At almost 16 % of the Forest shrub, one of the plants reported in Beyra al! With painkilling drugs to & quot ; treatment is considered complementary if you use term! Using 123 plant species belonging to 112 genera in 63 families me for Illness Among Vodou Priests Northern., one of the plants reported in Beyra et al remedy is periodically. Forest shrub, one of the most satisfying survival foods ever invented system infusing everything medicine. R: plants of Haiti used as antifertility agents Asia, South America the! Bocas del Toro, Panama complex preparations with different species the needs of youll have a scrumptious meal that no. Sister Francis she & # x27 ; D been breaking out in small, a traditional refreshment! Areas of the former provinces of Oriente and Camagey ( Figure 1 ) and generally for.
Can You Put Baby Powder On Your Vag After Shaving,
Reserve Palapa Hilton Aruba,
Milk And Club Soda For Kidney Stones,
Articles H